Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
The concept of autism was first introduced in 1943 and originally referred to a person withdrawing into themselves. It is a developmental disorder that significantly affects an individual's social-emotional development, as well as their verbal and non-verbal communication skills, with the first symptoms appearing before the age of three. Since its first identification in 1940s, numerous studies have been conducted across various fields, and based on the findings, the term Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Autism Spectrum Condition has been adopted.
ASD is defined as a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder that affects an individual's social interaction, communication, and behaviors across a broad spectrum.
Research indicates that early identification and assessment and education bring significant positive changes in the lives of individuals with ASD. Therefore, early identification and assessment and necessary interventions are crucial. In the early identification and assessment process, the observations of family members, educators, and healthcare professionals are important. Research on ASD has identified certain symptoms, including:
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Symptoms Observed Between 0-3 Years
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- Lack of smiling
- Delays in language development (e.g., lack of cooing or word formation)
- Failure to use the index finger for pointing
- Not using gestures (e.g., waving goodbye, blowing kisses)
- Starting to run on tiptoes upon learning to walk
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Symptoms Observed Between 3-6 Years
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- Sensitivity to touch
- Not turning around when called by name
- Lack of gestures and facial expressions
- Echolalia
- Not being able to use language for communication purposes
- Running on tiptoes
- Repetitive hand/arm movements
- Inability to engage in pretend play
- Unusual ways of playing with toys
- Frequent temper tantrums
- Sensitivity to sound and light
- Picky eating habits
- Excessive adherence to routines
- Repetitive behaviors
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Symptoms Observed After Age 7
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- Failure to participate in social games
- Lack of prosocial behaviors
- Difficulty transitioning between activities
- A didactic approach to interactions
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The Only Solution for ASD is Education
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