Microbiological and molecular biological analyses of food, pharmaceutical production and quality control, drug design and development, plant molecular genetics, recombinant enzyme production, production of high value-added products through biotechnological processes, biohydrogen production, stem cell biology, molecular cell biology, chromatographic analyses and trace element analysis, insect molecular biology and genetics, transcriptomics, cancer molecular biology, nanoparticle synthesis for cancer diagnosis and therapy and their in vitro applications, molecular approaches in plant stress physiology, and antioxidant defense systems in plants are among the research and application areas covered by the department.

Graduates of the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics are qualified to work in various laboratories belonging to public and private institutions where molecular biology and genetics techniques are applied for different purposes. They are also employed in quality control laboratories, research institutes, diagnostic and treatment centers for genetic diseases (e.g., within medical schools or the broader health sector), as well as in the research and development (R&D), production, marketing, and sales departments of companies operating in pharmaceuticals, energy, food, agriculture, and molecular biotechnology sectors. In addition, graduates may pursue academic careers through postgraduate education.